annotate pytouhou/ui/texture.pyx @ 426:5d7bb2fd74f7

Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
author Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
date Tue, 16 Jul 2013 21:11:35 +0200
parents d8630c086926
children 40d5f3083ebc
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
52
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
1 # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
2 ##
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
3 ## Copyright (C) 2011 Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
4 ##
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
5 ## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
6 ## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
7 ## by the Free Software Foundation; version 3 only.
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
8 ##
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
9 ## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
10 ## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
11 ## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
12 ## GNU General Public License for more details.
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
13 ##
ab826bc29aa2 Add some documentation, GPLv3 headers, README and COPYING file.
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 25
diff changeset
14
423
d8630c086926 Replace Pyglet with our own Cython OpenGL wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 420
diff changeset
15 from pytouhou.lib.opengl cimport \
d8630c086926 Replace Pyglet with our own Cython OpenGL wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 420
diff changeset
16 (glTexParameteri, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,
d8630c086926 Replace Pyglet with our own Cython OpenGL wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 420
diff changeset
17 GL_LINEAR, GL_BGRA, GL_RGBA, GL_RGB, GL_LUMINANCE, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
d8630c086926 Replace Pyglet with our own Cython OpenGL wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 420
diff changeset
18 GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4_REV,
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
19 glGenTextures, glBindTexture, glTexImage2D, GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLuint,
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
20 glDeleteTextures)
423
d8630c086926 Replace Pyglet with our own Cython OpenGL wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 420
diff changeset
21
420
3a7b36324611 Replace Pyglet’s image loader with our SDL2_image-based one.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 393
diff changeset
22 from pytouhou.lib.sdl import load_png, create_rgb_surface
423
d8630c086926 Replace Pyglet with our own Cython OpenGL wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 420
diff changeset
23 from pytouhou.formats.thtx import Texture #TODO: perhaps define that elsewhere?
14
07a7f28c8aaa Minor refactoring
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents:
diff changeset
24
423
d8630c086926 Replace Pyglet with our own Cython OpenGL wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 420
diff changeset
25 import os
393
9e2cbb2c2c64 Implement THTX, uncompressed textures stored inside ANM files, and use it instead of pyglet’s own wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 392
diff changeset
26
14
07a7f28c8aaa Minor refactoring
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents:
diff changeset
27
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
28 class TextureId(int):
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
29 def __del__(self):
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
30 cdef GLuint texture = self
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
31 glDeleteTextures(1, &texture)
16
66ce9bb440ac Refactor in order to support multiple textures
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 15
diff changeset
32
158
7769ce7be03c Minor cleanup
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 119
diff changeset
33
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
34 class TextureManager(object):
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
35 def __init__(self, loader=None):
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
36 self.loader = loader
14
07a7f28c8aaa Minor refactoring
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents:
diff changeset
37
16
66ce9bb440ac Refactor in order to support multiple textures
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 15
diff changeset
38
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
39 def load(self, anm_list):
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
40 for anm in anm_list:
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
41 if not hasattr(anm, 'texture'):
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
42 texture = decode_png(self.loader, anm.first_name, anm.secondary_name)
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
43 anm.texture = load_texture(texture)
25
cc864aadc733 Preload enemy and background textures
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 16
diff changeset
44
cc864aadc733 Preload enemy and background textures
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 16
diff changeset
45
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
46 cdef decode_png(loader, first_name, secondary_name):
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
47 image_file = load_png(loader.get_file(os.path.basename(first_name)))
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
48 width, height = image_file.width, image_file.height
368
71cd4461bb7f Minor optimizations
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 223
diff changeset
49
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
50 # Support only 32 bits RGBA. Paletted surfaces are awful to work with.
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
51 #TODO: verify it doesn’t blow up on big-endian systems.
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
52 new_image = create_rgb_surface(width, height, 32, 0x000000ff, 0x0000ff00, 0x00ff0000, 0xff000000)
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
53 new_image.blit(image_file)
14
07a7f28c8aaa Minor refactoring
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents:
diff changeset
54
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
55 if secondary_name:
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
56 alpha_file = load_png(loader.get_file(os.path.basename(secondary_name)))
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
57 assert (width == alpha_file.width and height == alpha_file.height)
14
07a7f28c8aaa Minor refactoring
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents:
diff changeset
58
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
59 new_alpha_file = create_rgb_surface(width, height, 24)
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
60 new_alpha_file.blit(alpha_file)
14
07a7f28c8aaa Minor refactoring
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents:
diff changeset
61
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
62 new_image.set_alpha(new_alpha_file)
420
3a7b36324611 Replace Pyglet’s image loader with our SDL2_image-based one.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 393
diff changeset
63
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
64 return Texture(width, height, -4, new_image.pixels)
393
9e2cbb2c2c64 Implement THTX, uncompressed textures stored inside ANM files, and use it instead of pyglet’s own wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 392
diff changeset
65
9e2cbb2c2c64 Implement THTX, uncompressed textures stored inside ANM files, and use it instead of pyglet’s own wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 392
diff changeset
66
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
67 cdef load_texture(thtx):
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
68 cdef GLuint texture
15
07fba4e1da65 Refactor
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 14
diff changeset
69
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
70 if thtx.fmt == 1:
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
71 format_ = GL_BGRA
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
72 type_ = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
73 composants = GL_RGBA
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
74 elif thtx.fmt == 3:
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
75 format_ = GL_RGB
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
76 type_ = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
77 composants = GL_RGB
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
78 elif thtx.fmt == 5:
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
79 format_ = GL_BGRA
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
80 type_ = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4_REV
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
81 composants = GL_RGBA
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
82 elif thtx.fmt == 7:
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
83 format_ = GL_LUMINANCE
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
84 type_ = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
85 composants = GL_LUMINANCE
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
86 elif thtx.fmt == -4: #XXX: non-standard
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
87 format_ = GL_RGBA
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
88 type_ = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
89 composants = GL_RGBA
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
90 else:
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
91 raise Exception('Unknown texture type')
14
07a7f28c8aaa Minor refactoring
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents:
diff changeset
92
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
93 glGenTextures(1, &texture)
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
94 glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture)
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
95 glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
96 glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
16
66ce9bb440ac Refactor in order to support multiple textures
Thibaut Girka <thib@sitedethib.com>
parents: 15
diff changeset
97
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
98 glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
99 composants,
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
100 thtx.width, thtx.height,
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
101 0,
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
102 format_, type_,
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
103 <char*>thtx.data)
393
9e2cbb2c2c64 Implement THTX, uncompressed textures stored inside ANM files, and use it instead of pyglet’s own wrapper.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 392
diff changeset
104
426
5d7bb2fd74f7 Never keep texture on the host when it has been uploaded, and prevent them from being decoded again.
Emmanuel Gil Peyrot <linkmauve@linkmauve.fr>
parents: 423
diff changeset
105 return TextureId(texture)